The news that sent shockwaves through the climate community last month? In 2020, 32.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide were released into the atmosphere, the highest annual level on record. To put that in perspective, the entire world’s carbon capture technology capacity, which has been growing steadily over the past decade, would need to be quadrupled overnight to make an impact. But here’s the thing: that’s not an insurmountable task.
Learn more: The Promise and Puzzle of Biofuels: What You Should Really Know
Carbon capture technology, or CCUS for short, has been around for decades. But it’s only in recent years that its potential has started to gain mainstream attention. The basic premise is straightforward: it captures the CO2 emissions from power plants, industrial processes, and even directly from the atmosphere, and then either stores it underground or converts it into useful products. And it’s not just about reducing emissions – it’s also about creating new industries and jobs.
One of the most promising areas of carbon capture tech is direct air capture. This involves using giant fans and filters to suck in CO2 from the atmosphere, rather than relying on industrial sources. The tech is still in its early stages, but companies like Climeworks and Carbon Engineering are already demonstrating its feasibility. Their machines can remove up to 1,000 tons of CO2 per year, the equivalent of two years’ emissions from a small town.
Learn more: Community Solar Projects Are Not Just for Environmentalists Anymore
Of course, scaling this up to make a meaningful impact is a very different story. It requires significant investment in new infrastructure, from the construction of dedicated facilities to the development of new materials and manufacturing processes. But the economics are starting to look more favorable. A study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that the cost of carbon capture has fallen by 73% over the past decade, making it more competitive with traditional emission-reduction strategies.
Another area of innovation is the use of carbon capture to create new products. This can range from building materials and fuels to even consumer goods like cosmetics and textiles. Carbon Engineering, for example, is working on a process to convert CO2 into synthetic fuels, which could potentially replace gasoline and diesel. It’s not just about reducing emissions, but also about creating new markets and industries that can help drive the transition to a low-carbon economy.
The politics of carbon capture are complex, to say the least. There are still many questions around the effectiveness of CCUS in reducing emissions, particularly when it comes to natural gas systems. And then there’s the issue of public acceptance – can communities be convinced to host large-scale carbon capture facilities? But the tech itself is not the problem. The problem is the lack of investment and resources to make it happen.
As we face the daunting task of reducing global emissions to net-zero by 2050, carbon capture technology offers a critical part of the solution. It’s not a silver bullet – and it’s not a replacement for the fundamental changes we need to make to our energy systems and consumption habits. But it’s a vital tool, one that can help reboot the climate conversation and put us on the path to a more sustainable future.
